Preoperative prediction of microsatellite instability status in colorectal cancer based on a multiphasic enhanced CT radiomics nomogram model.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the value of a nomogram model based on the combination of clinical-CT features and multiphasic enhanced CT radiomics for the preoperative prediction of the microsatellite instability (MSI) status in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. METHODS: A total of 347 patients with a pathological diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma, including 276 microsatellite stabilized (MSS) patients and 71 MSI patients (243 training and 104 testing), were included. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify the clinical-CT features of CRC patients linked with MSI status to build a clinical model. Radiomics features were extracted from arterial phase (AP), venous phase (VP), and delayed phase (DP) CT images. Different radiomics models for the single phase and multiphase (three-phase combination) were developed to determine the optimal phase. A nomogram model that combines clinical-CT features and the optimal phasic radscore was also created. RESULTS: Platelet (PLT), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), tumour location, enhancement pattern, and AP contrast ratio (ACR) were independent predictors of MSI status in CRC patients. Among the AP, VP, DP, and three-phase combination models, the three-phase combination model was selected as the best radiomics model. The best MSI prediction efficacy was demonstrated by the nomogram model built from the combination of clinical-CT features and the three-phase combination model, with AUCs of 0.894 and 0.839 in the training and testing datasets, respectively. CONCLUSION: The nomogram model based on the combination of clinical-CT features and three-phase combination radiomics features can be used as an auxiliary tool for the preoperative prediction of the MSI status in CRC patients.

Ultra-processed food consumption and mortality among patients with stages I-III colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are emerging as a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), yet how post-diagnostic UPF intake may impact CRC prognosis remains unexplored. Methods: Data collected from food frequency questionnaires were used to estimate intakes of total UPFs and UPF subgroups (serving/d) at least 6 months but less than 4 years post-diagnosis among 2498 patients diagnosed with stages I-III CRC within the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study during 1980-2016. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all-cause, CRC- and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific mortality in association with UPF consumption were estimated using an inverse probability weighted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model, adjusted for confounders. Findings: The mean (SD) age of patients at diagnosis was 68.5 (9.4) years. A total of 1661 deaths were documented, including 321 from CRC and 335 from CVD. Compared to those in the lowest quintile (median = 3.6 servings/d), patients in the highest quintile (median = 10 servings/d) of post-diagnostic UPF intake had higher CVD mortality (HR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.13-2.40) but not CRC or all-cause mortality. Among UPF subgroups, higher consumption of fats/condiments/sauces was associated with a higher risk of CVD-specific mortality (highest vs. lowest quintile of intake, HR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.41-2.73), and higher intake of ice cream/sherbet was associated with an increased risk of CRC-specific mortality (highest vs. lowest quintile, HR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.33-2.61). No statistically significant association was found between UPF subgroups and overall mortality. Interpretation: Higher post-diagnostic intake of total UPFs and fats/condiments/sauces in CRC survivors is associated with higher CVD mortality, and higher ice cream/sherbet intake is linked to higher CRC mortality. Funding: US National Institutes of Health and the American Cancer Society.

Focal atrial tachycardias originating from the aorta-mitral continuty: Anatomic and electrophysiological characteristics.

BACKGROUND: The aorta-mitral annulus conjunction (AMC) is uncommon site of origin of focal atrial tachycardias (AT). Hence, the electrophysiological and ablation target characteristics are poorly described. OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of AMC AT in detail. METHODS: The study enrolled 650 patients with AT, 21 (3.2%) of whom had AT originating from AMC. A comprehensive evaluation, including electrocardiography, electrophysiologic study, CT scan, and intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) was performed. RESULTS: The majority (90.5%) of ATs occurred spontaneously. The average age of this group was 48.9±21.6 years, with 12 females (57.1%). Seventeen patients had a typical biphasic P wave with a prominent positive component. The earliest activation site in the right atrium was near the His bundle with average activation -10.3±6.0 ms preceding the P wave. The successful ablation targets were distributed as follows: 1 case at 9 o'clock, 6 cases at 10 o'clock, 7 cases at 11 o'clock, 6 cases at 12 o'clock, and 1 case in the left coronary cusp (LCC). The local AMC potential differed from the commonly perceived annular potential, and was characterized by a large A and a small V (A/V ratio >1). The angle of encroachment on the LA anterior wall, compressed by the LCC, was significantly smaller in the AMC-AT group compared to the control group, which may have contributed to the arrhythmia substrate (141.7°±11.5° vs. 155.2°±13.9°, p = 0.026). CONCLUSION: A new strategy for mapping AMC ATs has been introduced. The ablation target should have an A/V ratio greater than 1.

Increased glycemic variability results in abnormal differentiation of T cell subpopulation in type 2 diabetes patients.

AIMS: We aimed to investigate the association between glycemic variability (GV) and the abnormal differentiation of T-cell subpopulations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: In total, 108 hospitalized patients with T2DM were enrolled and divided into two subgroups (normal glycemic excursion (NGE) and high glycemic excursion (HGE)) according to their mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) level. The MAGE was evaluated via continuous glucose monitoring for 72 h consecutively. Flow cytometry was used to determine the proportions of T cell subpopulations. RESULTS: The T helper (Th) 1 cell/Th2 cell ratio was significantly higher, and the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was significantly lower in the NGE group than in the HGE group (all P < 0.05). After fully adjusting for confounders, the MAGE was positively associated with the Th1 cell/Th2 cell ratio (ß = 0.370; P = 0.009) and negatively associated with the proportion of Tregs (ß = -0.554; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The MAGE was an independent risk factor for abnormally high Th1 cell/Th2 cell ratio and proportion of Tregs. Abnormal differentiation of T cell subpopulations induced by GV may impair ß-cell function, aggravate insulin resistance, and contribute to the development of diabetic complications.

Key Roles of Gli1 and Ihh Signaling in Craniofacial Development.

The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway orchestrates its influence through a dynamic interplay of Hh proteins, the cell surface receptor Ptch1, Smo, and Gli transcription factors, contributing to a myriad of developmental events. Indian Hedgehog (Ihh) and Gli zinc finger transcription factor 1 (Gli1) play crucial roles in developmental regulation within the Hh signaling pathway. Ihh regulates chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and bone formation, impacting the development of cranial bones, cartilage, and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Losing Ihh results in cranial bone malformation, decreased ossification, and affects the formation of cranial base cartilage unions, TMJ condyles, and joint discs. Gli1 is predominantly expressed during early craniofacial development, and Gli1+ cells are identified as the primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for craniofacial bones, crucial for cell differentiation and morphogenesis. Additionally, a complex mutual regulatory mechanism exists between Gli1 and Ihh, ensuring the normal function of the Hh signaling pathway by directly or indirectly regulating each other's expression levels. And the interaction between Ihh and Gli1 significantly impacts the normal development of craniofacial tissues.This review summarizes the pivotal roles of Gli1 and Ihh in the intricate landscape of mammalian craniofacial development, and outlines the molecular regulatory mechanisms and intricate interactions governing the growth of bone and cartilage exhibited by Gli1 and Ihh, which Provides new insights into potential therapeutic strategies for related diseases or researches of tissue regeneration.

Research on the tilt-to-length coupling noise suppression method inside the gravitational wave detection telescope.

As an integral component of the laser interferometry measurement system, the tilt-to-length (TTL) coupling noise inside the telescope stands out as a critical noise factor that requires meticulous consideration. In the TianQin project, the non-geometric TTL-coupled noise inside the telescope should be less than 0.22 pm/Hz1/2. Additionally, the wavefront aberration RMS at the small pupil of the telescope needs to be better than 0.0065 λ. These requirements set for the telescope are exceptionally stringent. To address this challenge, this study aims to relax the wavefront aberration requirements by mitigating non-geometric TTL coupling noise, while ensuring the non-geometric TTL coupling noise remains below 0.22 pm/Hz1/2. By controlling the coupling aberration proportion, the wavefront aberration RMS at the small pupil of the telescope can be relaxed to 0.014 λ. Alternatively, optimizing the Gaussian beam waist radius can relax the wavefront aberration RMS to 0.016 λ. By simultaneously utilizing two optimization methods, the wavefront aberration at the small pupil of the telescope can be reduced to 0.033 λ, resulting in an impressive success rate of 91.15% in meeting the noise requirements.

Analysis of sterilizer allocation and related factors in dental health-care settings in Yunnan Province, China: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status and related factors of sterilizers in dental health-care settings in Yunnan Province, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the health administrative department to formulate regional quality control programs and systems, proposing reasonable suggestions for optimizing the allocation of sterilizer resources in Yunnan's dental health-care settings, thereby improving resource utilization efficiency. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2600 dental health-care settings in Yunnan Province in March 2020. Uni-variable linear regression, multi-variable linear regression, curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were used to understand the relationship between dental units and sterilizers. RESULTS: A total of 2600 dental health-care settings were included. The disinfection and sterilization work were mainly completed by the dental department in 1510(58.1%) institutions. 44(1.7%) institutions were not allocated sterilization equipment, and 1632 (62.8%) had only one sterilizer. The median allocation of sterilizers was 1.0. Uni-variable linear regression showed significant differences in covariates such as dental unit, dental handpiece, disinfection equipment, dentist, and dental assistant, which were more sensitive (p < 0.001) and statistically significant. The adjusted model was more stable in the multi-variable linear regression, and the differences in covariates between different settings were statistically significant. Curve fitting revealed an S-shaped curvilinear relationship between the number of dental units and sterilizers in oral healthcare settings. CONCLUSION: The disinfection and sterilization work was mainly completed by the dental department in dental health-care settings in Yunnan Province. Sterilizer allocation increases with the number of dental units, but some institutions have insufficient allocation of sterilizer and manpower resources, resulting in certain risks of infection control. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen supervision, inspection and regional quality control work in infection control of dentistry.

A copper-catalyzed asymmetric Friedel-Crafts hydroxyalkylation of pyrazole-4,5-diones with 5-aminoisoxazoles.

An asymmetric Friedel-Crafts hydroxyalkylation reaction of 5-aminoisoxazoles with pyrazole-4,5-diones was developed under the catalysis of 5% chiral copper complexes. This reaction exhibits functional group tolerance and excellent enantioselectivity. Moreover, the reaction can be scaled up and its mechanism was studied.

Electrochemical Benzylic C(sp3)-H Imidation Enabled by Benzoic Acid Derived Radicals.

We developed an electrochemical approach for benzylic C(sp3)-H imidation by virtue of the in situ generated oxygen-centered radicals (OCRs). The electrochemical imidation provides a complementary approach to giving distinct imide products compared with previous acyloxylation products. This protocol exhibits good site selectivity and broad substrate generality. Moreover, the utility of the OCR-mediated protocol was extended to the electrochemical oxidation of silane, and its robustness was also highlighted by the imidation of complex substrates, which would otherwise be inaccessible for previous approaches. A plausible reaction mechanism was proposed to rationalize the experimental observations.

Causal relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure: A Mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: Causal association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart failure (HF) has been controversial. This study used Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to clarify the potential causal connection between these two conditions. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to investigate the causal relationship between COPD and HF based on the hypothesis that the genetic predisposition to COPD could lead to an increased risk of developing HF METHODS: A two-sample MR analysis of genetic data was performed for COPD and HF. This study was based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, including 6,915 patients with confirmed COPD and 186,723 controls. The odds ratios (ORs) and their 95 % confidence intervals (95 %CIs) were estimated using a fixed effects inverse variance weighting (IVW) method. Several supplementary statistical methods, including MR-Egger, weighted median, maximum likelihood, penalized weighted median, and random effects IVW, were applied to enhance the robustness of findings. Moreover, MR-PRESSO was employed as an alternative method for statistical detection. RESULTS: Pooled data for HF were obtained from different GWASs, including 4,7309 confirmed HF patients and 930,014 controls. The MR analysis, based on the IVW model, revealed that COPD was significantly associated with an increased risk of HF. Specifically, the obtained findings showed that COPD patients had a higher risk of developing HF (Model 1: OR = 1.068, 95 %CI: 1.006-1.134, p = 0.031; Model 2: OR = 1.038, 95 %CI: 1.006-1.071, p = 0.020), indicating a causal relationship between COPD and HF. No evidence was found to suggest a reverse causal effect of HF on COPD incidence. CONCLUSION: The MR analysis substantiates a causal link between COPD and HF, with no evidence supporting a reverse causation from HF to COPD. These findings underscore the importance of proactive COPD management as a potential strategy to prevent the development of HF, highlighting the need for targeted interventions in patients with COPD to mitigate their risk of HF.

Outdoor artificial light at night exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study.

Objective: This study aims to explore the association between outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN) exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: This study is a retrospective case-control study. According with quantiles, ALAN has been classified into three categories (Q1-Q3). GDM was diagnosed through oral glucose tolerance tests. Conditional logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between ALAN exposure and GDM risk. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the association. Restricted cubic spline analysis (RCS) was utilized to investigate the no liner association between ALAN and GDM. Results: A total of 5,720 participants were included, comprising 1,430 individuals with GDM and 4,290 matched controls. Pregnant women exposed to higher levels of ALAN during the first trimester exhibited an elevated risk of GDM compared to those with lower exposure levels (Q2 OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.20-1.63, p < 0.001); (Q3 OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.44-2.00, p < 0.001). Similarly, elevated ALAN exposure during the second trimester also conferred an increased risk of GDM (second trimester: Q2 OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.45-1.98, p < 0.001; Q3 OR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.77-2.44, p < 0.001). RCS showed a nonlinear association between ALAN exposure and GDM risk in second trimester pregnancy, with a threshold value of 4.235. Conclusion: Outdoor ALAN exposure during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of GDM.

[The Role of NK Cells in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Micro-Transplantation for Acute Myeloid leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of NK cells in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell micro-transplantation(MST) in the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML). METHODS: Data from 93 AML patients treated with MST at our center from 2013-2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The induction regimen was anthracycline and cytarabine combined with peripheral blood stem cells transplantation mobilization by granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GPBSC), followed by 2-4 courses of intensive treatment with medium to high doses of cytarabine combined with GPBSC after achieving complete remission (CR). The therapeutic effects of one and two courses of MST induction therapy on 42 patients who did not reach CR before transplantation were evaluated. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to analyze the impact of donor NK cell dose and KIR genotype, including KIR ligand mismatch, 2DS1, haplotype, and HLA-Cw ligands on survival prognosis of patients. RESULTS: Forty-two patients received MST induction therapy, and the CR rate was 57.1% after 1 course and 73.7% after 2 courses. Multivariate analysis showed that, medium and high doses of NK cells was significantly associated with improved disease-free survival (DFS) of patients (HR=0.27, P =0.005; HR=0.21, P =0.001), and high doses of NK cells was significantly associated with improved overall survival (OS) of patients (HR=0.15, P =0.000). Donor 2DS1 positive significantly increases OS of patients (HR=0.25, P =0.011). For high-risk patients under 60 years old, patients of the donor-recipient KIR ligand mismatch group had longer DFS compared to the nonmismatch group (P =0.036); donor 2DS1 positive significantly prolonged OS of patients (P =0.009). CONCLUSION: NK cell dose, KIR ligand mismatch and 2DS1 influence the therapeutic effect of MST, improve the survival of AML patients.

The GW5-WRKY53-SGW5 module regulates grain size variation in rice.

Grain size is a crucial agronomic trait that affects stable yield, appearance, milling quality, and domestication in rice. However, the molecular and genetic relationships among QTL genes (QTGs) underlying natural variation for grain size remain elusive. Here, we identified a novel QTG SGW5 (suppressor of gw5) by map-based cloning using an F2 segregation population by fixing same genotype of the master QTG GW5. SGW5 positively regulates grain width by influencing cell division and cell size in spikelet hulls. Two nearly isogenic lines exhibited a significant differential expression of SGW5 and a 12.2% increase in grain yield. Introducing the higher expression allele into the genetic background containing the lower expression allele resulted in increased grain width, while its knockout resulted in shorter grain hulls and dwarf plants. Moreover, a cis-element variation in the SGW5 promoter influenced its differential binding affinity for the WRKY53 transcription factor, causing the differential SGW5 expression, which ultimately leads to grain size variation. GW5 physically and genetically interacts with WRKY53 to suppress the expression of SGW5. These findings elucidated a new pathway for grain size regulation by the GW5-WRKY53-SGW5 module and provided a novel case for generally uncovering QTG interactions underlying the genetic diversity of an important trait in crops.

Time-Resolved Spectroscopy for Dynamic Investigation of Photoresponsive Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Photoresponsive MOFs with precise and adjustable reticular structures are attractive for light conversion applications. Uncovering the photoinduced carrier dynamics lays the essential foundation for the further development and optimization of the MOF material. With the application of time-resolved spectroscopy, photophysical processes including excimer formation, energy transfer/migration, and charge transfer/separation have been widely investigated. However, the identification of distinct photophysical processes in real experimental MOF spectra still remains difficult due to the spectral and dynamic complexity of MOFs. In this Perspective, we summarize the typical spectral features of these photophysical processes and the related analysis methods for dynamic studies performed by time-resolved photoluminescence (TR-PL) and transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. Based on the recent understanding of excited-state properties of photoresponsive MOFs and the discussion of challenges and future outlooks, this Perspective aims to provide convenience for MOF kinetic analysis and contribute to the further development of photoresponsive MOF material.

Attention affects the perception of self-motion direction from optic flow.

Many studies have demonstrated that attention affects the perception of many visual features. However, previous studies show conflicting results regarding the effect of attention on the perception of self-motion direction (i.e., heading) from optic flow. To address this question, we conducted three behavioral experiments and found that estimation accuracies of large headings (>14°) decreased with attention load, discrimination thresholds of these headings increased with attention load, and heading estimates were systematically compressed toward the focus of attention. Therefore, the current study demonstrated that attention affected heading perception from optic flow, showing that the perception is both information-driven and cognitive.

"Loop-Neurorrhaphy Technique for Preventing Bone Resorption and Preserving Lower Lip Sensation in Mandibular Reconstruction using Vascularized Iliac Bone Flap: A Single-Center Randomized Clinical Trial".

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate whether using an innervated vascularized iliac bone flap could effectively prevent bone resorption and maintain sensory function in the lower lip. METHODS: In the innervated group, the deep circumflex iliac artery and recipient vessels were anastomosed, with simultaneous microanastomosis of ilioinguinal nerve, mental nerve and inferior alveolar nerve. Conversely, the control group underwent solely vascular anastomosis. CT was utilized to assess bone quality. Sensory recovery of the lower lip was recorded using two-point discrimination and current perception threshold testing. RESULTS: The study comprised a total of 40 subjects, with each group accounting for 20 participants, equally distributed in terms of gender. Hounsfield unit loss was significantly lower in the innervated group (13.26±8.65 %) as compared to the control group (37.98±8.60 %) (P < 0.001). Moreover, two-point discrimination values were lower in the innervated group (15.11±8.39 mm) when compared to the control group (21.44±7.24 mm) (P = 0.02). The current perception threshold values for the innervated group were 176.19 ± 31.89, 64.21 ± 19.23, and 42.29 ± 18.96 in 2kHz, 250Hz, and 5Hz respectively, while in the control group, the current perception threshold values were 204.47 ± 36.99, 82.26 ± 27.29, and 58.89 ± 25.38 in 2kHz, 250Hz, and 5Hz (P =0.02, 0.02, and 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The innervated vascularized iliac bone flap represents a safe and effective novel approach to preserving lower lip sensation and preventing bone resorption through functional mandibular reconstruction.

Regulation of plant resistance to salt stress by the SnRK1-dependent splicing factor SRRM1L.

Most splicing factors are extensively phosphorylated but their physiological functions in plant salt resistance are still elusive. We found that phosphorylation by SnRK1 kinase is essential for SRRM1L nuclear speckle formation and its splicing factor activity in plant cells. In Arabidopsis, loss-of-function of SRRM1L leads to the occurrence of alternative pre-mRNA splicing events and compromises plant resistance to salt stress. In Arabidopsis srrm1l mutant line, we identified an intron-retention Nuclear factor Y subunit A 10 (NFYA10) mRNA variant by RNA-Seq and found phosphorylation-dependent RNA-binding of SRRM1L is indispensable for its alternative splicing activity. In the wild-type Arabidopsis, salt stress can activate SnRK1 to phosphorylate SRRM1L, triggering enrichment of functional NFYA10.1 variant to enhance plant salt resistance. By contrast, the Arabidopsis srrm1l mutant accumulates nonfunctional NFYA10.3 variant, sensitizing plants to salt stress. In summary, this work deciphered the molecular mechanisms and physiological functions of SnRK1-SRRM1L-NFYA10 module, shedding light on a regulatory pathway to fine-tune plant adaptation to abiotic stress at the post-transcriptional and post-translational levels.

The Role of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Mediating the Effect of Inflammatory Bowel Disease on nonmalignant Digestive System Diseases: A Multivariable Mendelian Randomized Study.

Background: While observation studies have shown a positive correlation between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the risk of nonmalignant digestive system diseases, a definitive causal relationship has not yet been clearly established. Methods: Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed to investigate the potential causal association between genetic susceptibility to IBD and nonmalignant gastrointestinal diseases. Genetic variants were extracted as instrumental variables (IVs) from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis, which included 12,194 cases of Crohn's disease (CD) and 28,072 control cases of European ancestry. The GWAS for ulcerative colitis (UC) included 12,366 UC and 33,609 control cases of European ancestry. All IVs reached genome-wide significance (GWAS p value <5 × 10-8). Summary-level data for acute pancreatitis (AP), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastroesophageal reflux disease, cholelithiasis, and CeD (celiac disease) were obtained from the GWAS meta-analysis and the FinnGen dataset. Summary-level data on relevant inflammatory factors were provided by the International Genetic Consortium. Univariate MR analysis was conducted using inverse variance weighting as the primary method for estimating causal effects. Multivariate MR analyses were also performed to detect possible mediators. Results: Genetic susceptibility to UC was associated with an increased risk of AP (OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.03-1.13; p=0.002) and IBS odds ratio (OR] = 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI] = 1.03-1.11; (p < 0.001). In terms of potential mediators, interleukin 6 (IL-6) had a driving effect on the association between UC and AP. There was no apparent evidence of increased risk with CD. Meanwhile, genetic susceptibility to CD increases the risk of CeD (OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.03-1.25; p=0.01). Conclusions: The evidence suggests that UC is associated with an elevated risk of AP and IBS, and IL-6 may be responsible in AP. CD is associated with an increased risk of developing CeD. Implementing a proactive monitoring program for assessing the risk of gastrointestinal diseases in UC patients, particularly those with elevated IL-6 levels, may be of interest. In addition, the presence of AP and IBS may indicate the presence of UC. Preventing CeD is an essential consideration in the therapeutic management of patients with CD.

Light-activated g-C3N4 photoelectrodes with a selective molecular sieve for in vivo quantification of oxygen levels in the living mouse brain.

A novel micro-photoelectrode with a selective molecular sieve was created for in vivo monitoring of O2 levels in the mouse brain. An ITO optical fiber modified by graphitized carbon nitride (g-C3N4) in situ was employed as the light activated substrate to provide rich photo-induced electrons for the catalytic reduction of O2. Meanwhile, the porous hybrid layer composed of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 and polysulfone was constructed over the g-C3N4 surface as the molecular sieve to synergically enhance the selectivity of O2 detections. By advantage of this useful tool, the real time variation of the O2 level was successfully determined in the mouse brain upon ischemia.